关于英语学术写作

> 本文为中科院计算所英文论文写作课程的内容总结。 ## 1. Style 写作风格 ### Common Problems in Manuscripts 常见问题(动词) 1. Use of ~~`nouns`~~ instead of `verbs` 2. Use of ~~`informal verbs`~~ (let, get, make) 3. Use of `verb` not suitable in the context 4. Use of `prepositions` instead of `proper verbs` 5. Use too many to do/to have/to be (`lazy verbs`) 6. Use of `verbs` without `that` 7. Use too many can/could/would/should 8. Use of wrong noun/verb number match #### 1. Use of nouns instead of verbs > There are many ~~`occurrences`~~ of apostrophes in this article.✗ > -> This article `contains` many apostrophes. ✔ >> > To save the African elephant, people must start the ~~`eradication`~~ of the ~~`existence`~~ of poaching. ✗ > -> To save the African elephant, it is vital to stop poaching. ✔ #### 2. Use of informal verbs > How can researchers ~~get~~(obtain) funds from the government? 书面词汇转换表：[Verb forms formal informal.docx](https://file.hurray0.com/uploads/menu/96/17960ac0cfaef4c1e0564fb753a1d14b.docx) #### 4. Use of prepositions instead of proper verbs > ...key communication scenarios in HetSCNs will be clarified ~~`with`~~ practical system configurations. ✗ > ...key communication scenarios in HetSCNs will be clarified `using/employing/utilizing` practical system configurations. ✔ #### 5. Use of lazy verbs (to do, to have, to be) > Its genome ~~`is`~~ 21508903 bp. ✗ > ->Its genome `contains` 21508903 bp. ✔ >> > Among all natural amino acid residues, tryptophan ~~`has`~~ the highest polarizability. ✗ > -> Among all natural amino acid residues, tryptophan `exhibits/displays` the highest polarizability. ✔ >> > The samples for discovery set and validation set ~~`are`~~ from 2 companies. ✗ > -> The samples for discovery set and validation set `were purchased` from 2 companies. ✔ ### 词语/表达转换实例 * obviously -> evident, clearly visible * didn't get us any new results -> yielded no new results * didn't -> little, a few * As we all know -> It is well established that * and so on -> including ... * etc. -> and other sth. * and so forth -> and similar sth. * including(只能两项) -> namely * there is a pressing demand to -> it is essential/important to ## 2. Linkers 连接词 ### Linkers (Formal) **Addition**: funtermore, in addition, moreover, in addition to~~ **Adversativity**: although, even though, despite the fact, howerver, nevertheless, despite, in spite of **Cause and effect**: because, since, therefore, as a result, consequently, hence, thus, because of, due to, as a result of **Clarification**: in other words, that is **Contrast**: while, whereas, in contrast, however, on the other hand, conversely, unlike **Illustration**: for example, for instance **Intensification**: on the contrary, as a metter of fact, in fact ### Linkers (Informal) ~~Besides, All in all, In a netshell, Conclusively, The first thing, To sum up, On the contrast, Meanwhile, So, In my opinion, As we all know, That is, In fact, Knowing these, It is said, That way, In a word, In the end~~ ### And and -> (thus) developing and -> resulting in